1947 Nrhy;ghp murpay; jpl;lk; -rp.m.Nrhjpypq;fk;-
,yq;ifapy; 50MtJ Rje;jpu jpd tpoh nfhz;lhl;l Vw;ghLfs; jly; Glyhf eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,jw;fhf fz;b khefuk; gy;NtW tiffspYk; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;L tUtNjhL gyj;j ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfSk; mq;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. tof;fk; NghyNt rpq;fs kf;fs;,jpy; Muthukhf gq;F gw;WtJk; jkpo; kf;fs; me;epag;gl;L epw;gJk; njhlHfpwJ.Rje;jpu jpd tpoh ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; vd;w NghHitapy; jkpo; kf;fs; kpf Nkhrkhf ,k;rpf;fg;gLk; epiyikAk; Njhd;wpAs;sJ. "Rje;jpu jpd tpoh" vd;w ngahpy; vq;fis ,k;rpg;gij tpl tpoh KbAk; tiu vq;fis vq;fhtJ mfjpfs; Kfhkpy; itj;Jtpl;L tpoh Kbe;jgpd; vq;fis ,Ug;gplq;fspy; ,Uf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;'. vd fz;b khefu jkpo; kf;fs; Nfl;Fk; msTf;F ,k;irfs; tsHe;Js;sd. ,yq;iff;F fpilj;j Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ cz;ikapy; midj;J kf;fSf;FKhpa Rje;jpuky;y. khwhf rpq;fs kf;fSf;Fhpa Rje;jpuNk. ,jidNa Rje;jpu jpd tpoh njhlHgpy; jkpo; kf;fs; gLk; my;yy;fs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,J xU nghJg;gilahd fUj;Jj;jhd;. Rje;;jpuj;jpd; ,d hPjpahd mk;rj;ijf; fhl;lNt ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwd;. kw;wg;gb 1948y; fpilj;j Rje;jpuk; midj;J rpq;fs kf;fSf;Fk; fpilj;j Rje;jpuk; vd;W nrhy;tJ rhpahdjy;;y. xUtifapy; ,ij rpq;fs ngsj;jj;jpw;fhd Rje;jpuk; vd;W nrhy;tNj nghUj;jkhdJ. rpq;fs ngsj;j ,dthj tsHr;rpf;F top NfhopaJ ,r; Rje;jpuk; vd;W nrhy;yyhk;. cz;ikapy; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;dNu jkpo; kf;fs; Nkhrkhf xLf;fg;gl njhlq;fpdH. ,jdhy; jhd; ,e;j Rje;jpuj;ij Nghpdthj rf;jpfs; jkpo; kf;fis xLf;Ftjw;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; (iyrd;];) vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd ,yq;ifapd; tuyhW vd;gNj jkpo; kf;fs; xLf;fg;gl;l tuyhWjhd;. ,t; xLf;F Kiwfs; 'ghjp Rje;jpuk;' fpilj;j nlhd%H murpay; jpl;lj;(1931)JlNdNa Muk;gpj;Jtpl;ld. vdpDk; 1948y; fpilj;;j ' KOikahd Rje;jpuk;" Nghpdthj rf;jpfs; jkpo; kf;fis xLf;Ftjw;fhd rfy fjTfisAk; jpwe;J tpl;lJ. ,yq;if Ml;rpKiw murpay; ahg;gpw;F cl;gl;l Ml;rpKiw vd;w tifapy; xLf;F Kiwfs; midj;Jk; murpay; ahg;Gfspd; %yk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;Nl Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,e;epiyapy; ,t; xLf;F KiwfSf;F Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;duhd murpay; ahg;Gfspd; gq;F vt;thW ,Ue;jJ? mt;tjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;L Nghpdthj rf;jpfs; jkpo; kf;fis vt;thW xLf;fpdH vd;gij Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. murpay; ahg;Gfspd; tsHr;rpAk; mjpfhu ifg;gw;wYk; etPd Ml;rpKiwapy; murpay; ahg;GfspD}lhfNt murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuq;fs; ngwg;gl;L gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kf;fspd; murpay; mgpyhirfSk; murpay; ahg;GfspD}lhfNt ntspg;g Lj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; gphpj;jhdpahplkpUe;J ,yq;ifaHfSf;F murpay; mjpfhu if khw;wk; murpay; ahg;G khw;wq;fspD}lhfNt Nkw;nfhs;s g;gl;lJ. 1833y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Nfhy;GW}f; murpay; rPHjpUj;jk; ,jid Kjd; Kjyhf njhlf;fp itj;jJ mr; rPHj;jpUj;jk; %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l rl;l rigapy; ,yq;ifaUf;Fk; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;ljd; %yk; ,J njhlf;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ. njhlHe;J FW} kf;fyk; rPHjpUj;jk;(1912)> khdpq; rPHjpUj;jk; (1921)> khdpq; btd;iraH (1924) vd;gtw;wpD}lhf rl;l rigapy; ,yq;ifahpd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lNjhL mjpfhuf; ifaspg;gpYk; rpWrpW Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld. njhlHe;J 1931 nlhd%H murpay; jpl;lj;Jld; "ghjpr; Rje;jpuKk;" 1947 Nrhy;ghp murpay; jpl;lj;Jld; "KOr; Rje;jpuKk;" toq;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thW murpay; ahg;GfspD}lhf murpay; ifkhw;wq;fs; eilngw;w NghJ ,yq;ifapd; gy;ypdj; jd;ik ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl;L rkj;Jtkhf ,izf;fg;gl;l $l;blk; mjpfhuq;fs; ifaspf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy; ngUk;ghd;ikahf cs;sdH vd;w xNu xU fhuzj;jpw;fhf rpq;fs ,dj;jplNk mjpfhuq;fs; ifaspf;fg;gl;ld. ,jid nlhd%H murpay; jpl;lj;jpNyNa njspthf milahsk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jNghJk; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd murpay; ahg;GfspNyNa ,jd; KOikia jhprpf;f Kbe;jJ. Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;dH-murpay; ahg;G Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd murpay; ahg;Gfshf Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;G (1972)>,uz;lhtJ FbauR murpay; ahg;G (1948) vd;gd nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;G Rje;jpuj;jpw;F rw;W Kd;dh; cUthf;fg;gl;l NghJk; Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapd; murpay; ahg;ghf ,JNt Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd ahg;ghfNt ,jidAk; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. Rje;jpuk; ngw;w Vida ehLfisg; Nghy Gjpa ahg;Gfs; vtw;iwAk; Rje;jpu ,yq;if cUthf;ftpy;iy. Nrhy;ghp ahg;G(1947-1972) ,t; ahg;gpd; %yNk gphpj;jhdpa khjphpapyhd xw;iwahl;rpg; ghuhSkd;w Ml;rp Kiw ,yq;ifapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jD}lhf "ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fspd; tpUg;gpyhd muR" vd;w vz;zf;fU ,yq;if murpaypy; GFj;jg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fspd; muR vd;gJ "rpq;fs kf;fspd; muR" vd;w mh;j;jj;jpidNa nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jd; %yk; Vida ,dq;fspd; murpay; mgpyhirfs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLtjw;F murpay; mikg;G hPjpahfNt tha;g;Gfs; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ . ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;jpid topelhj;Jk; murpay; rpe;jidahf ngsj;j rpq;fs Nghpdthj rpe;jidNa epytpaikahy; muRk; ,r; rpe;jidia nraw;gLj;Jk; murhf khwpaJ. murpd; nraw;ghl;L epWtdq;fshd rl;lj;Jiw> epHthfj;Jiw> ePjpj;Jiw vd;gd kpf tpiuthfNt Nghpdthj rpe;jid nfhz;l epWtdq;fshf khwpd. ahg;G hPjpahf murpay; mjpfhuq;fs; ,e; epWtdq;fSf;F fpilj;jijj; njhlHe;J mit NkYk; NkYk; Nghpdthj rpe;jidfspdhy; ,Wfpr; nry;Yk; epiy tsHr;rpaile;jJ. jkpoHfspdJk; ,e;jpa murpdJk; Ntz;LNfhs;fspdhy; murpayikg;gpy; NrHf;fg;gl;l rpWghd;ik NahH fhg;gPLfs; Nghpdthj miyf;F Kd;dhy; epd;W gpbf;f Kbahky; %iyapy; xJq;fpf; nfhz;ld. jkJ Nghpdthj tp];jhpg;Gf;F murpay; ahg;G ,Ue;j NghJk; Nghpdthj rf;jpfs; mjid kPwpAk; eilKiwapy; nraw;gl;ld.
Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;gpy; rl;lj;Jiw Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;gpy; rl;lj;Jiwahf kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rig>nrdw; rig vd;w ,U rigfisf; nfhz;l ghuhSkd;wk; tpsq;fpaJ. ,jpy; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rigNa rl;lMf;fj;jpidg; nghWj;jtiu mjpfhuk; nfhz;l rigahf tpsq;fpaJ. ,J 101 cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;lJ ,jpy; 95 NgH NjHjy; njhFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Ie;J tUlj;jpw;F xU Kiw eil ngWk; nghJj; NjHjy; xd;wpd; %yk; njhpT nra;ag; gl;ldH. kPjp 6 NgH rpWghd;ik ,dq;fspypUe;J kfh Njrhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. NjHjy; njhFjpfis fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; cUthf;fg;gLk; njhFjp epHza Mizf;FO jPHkhdpj;jJ. ,tw;iwj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; NghJ 75>000 kf;fSf;F xU gpujpepjp my;yJ 1000 rJu ikYf;F xU gpujpepjp vd;w tifapy; jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;vdf; $wg;gl;lJ. gy ,dq;fs; nrwpe;J thOk; gpuNjrq;fspy; gy mq;fj;jtH njhFjpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,jd;gb Muk;gj;jpy; nfhOk;G kj;jp %d;W mq;fj;jtH njhFjpahf;fg;gl;lNjhL> nfhOk;G njw;F gJis> gyhq;nfhil vd;gd ,ul;il mq;fj;jtH njhFjpfshf Mf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; eil Kiwapy; gy ,lq;fspy; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpuNjrq;fis ClWj;J njhFjpfspd; vy;iyfs; epHzapf;fg;gl;ld. cjhuzkhf nfhOk;G kj;jp mq;F thOk; %d;W ,d kf;fSk; jkJ gpujpepjpfisr; njhpT nra;Ak; tifapy; %d;W mq;fj;jtH njhFjpahf khw;wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; Nrhy;ghp murpay; jpl;l fhyk; KOtJk; xU jkpo;g;gpujpepjp $l mq;fpUe;J njhpT nra;ag;gl tpy;iy fhuzk;> mq;F jkpo;g; gpuNjrk; ,U $whf;fg;gl;L vy;iy epHzapf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. nfhOk;G kj;jp NjHjy; njhFjpapd; vy;iyahf nfhr;rpf;filiaAk;> nry;yk`hy; jpNal;lH re;jpiaAk; ,izf;Fk; [k;gl;lh tPjpNa epHzapf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; jkpo; kf;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf thOk; nfhl;lhQ;Nrid gpuNjrk; nfhOk;G kj;jp NjHjy; njhFjpapypUe;J jtpHf;fg;gl;lJ. nts;stj;ijg; gFjp jkpoHfis cs;slf;fpa nfhOk;G njw;F NjHjy; njhFjpapYk; ,JNt eil ngw;wJ. mq;fpUe;Jk; jkpoH vtUk; njhpT nra;ag;gltpy;iy. ,g; Nghf;F kf;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid ntFthff; Fiwj;jJ. 1947 NjHjypy; tlf;F- fpof;fpypUe;J 12 jkpoUk; kiyafj;jpypUe;J 7 jkpoUkhf 19 jkpoNu njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldH. Nghpdthj rf;jpfSf;F ,f; Fiwthd vz;zpf;if $l fz;idf; Fj;jpaJ. njhlHe;J te;j fhyq;fspy; jkpoH gpujpepjpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; eltbf;iffs; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,e;eltbf;iffs; %d;W tiffspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. KjyhtJ tifapd; kiyaf kf;fSf;F vjpuhf gpu[hThpikr; rl;lKk;> thf;Fhpikr; rl;lKk; nfhz;L tug;gl;L mtHfspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; midj;Jk; gwpf;fg;gl;ld. Rje;jpuk; fpilj;J xU rpy khjq;fspNyNa ,J Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ tifapy; jkpo;g; gpuNjrq;fspy; rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L mtw;wpy; rpq;fsj; NjHjy; njhFjpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. mk;ghiw NjHjy; njhFjp 1959 k; Mz;Lk;> NrUtpy NjHjy; njhFjp 1977 ,Yk; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. %d;whtJ tifapd; gb NjHjy; njhFjpr; rPHjpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l NghJ Gjpa rpq;fs NjHjy; njhFjpfs; mjpfstpy; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. 1959 k; Mz;L NjHjy; njhFjp rPHjpUj;jk; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;L gpujpepjpfspd; vz;zpf;if 151 Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lNghJ rpq;fsg; gpujpepjpfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;j msTf;F jkpo;g; gpujpepjpfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf;fg;gl tpy;iy.
epakd cWg;gpdHfs; NjHjypd; %yk; Nghjpa gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij ngwhj rpWghd;ik ,dq;fSf;F gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid toq;Fk; KfkhfNt epakd cWg;gpdH Kiw nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. Muk;gj;jpy; ,jd; %yk; rpWghd;ikapdUf;F gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lhYk; gpw; fhyj;jpy; murpayikg;G Vw;ghLfis kPwp ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;jtHfSk; ,jd; %yk; epakpf;fg;gLk; epiy Njhd;wpaJ. 1956-1960 fhyg;gFjpf;F N.H.A.M. fUzhuj;dTk;>1960-1965 fhyg;gFjpf;F L.A. mgauj;dhTk;> 1970-1977 fhyg;gFjpf;F M.D.S.n[atHjdh S.S.Fzj;jpyf;fh vd;gtHfSk; ,t;thW ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;jpypUe;J epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. (1972 KjyhtJ FbauR murpay; ahg;G %yk; epakd cWg;gpdH Kiw ePf;fg;gl;lhYk; gioa cWg;gpdHfs; njhlHe;jpUe;jdH) tlf;F- fpof;F jkpoHfspy; ,Ue;J 1970-1977 fhyg;gFjpf;F khj;jpuk; M.C.Rg;gpukzpak;> nry;iyah Fkhu #hpaH Mfpa ,UtH njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldH. ,tHfs; cz;ikapy; jkpo; kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfshf nraw;gltpy;iy. khwhf murpd; nghk;ikfshfNt nraw;gl;ldH. jkpo;g; gpujpepjpfSk; jq;fNshL cs;sdH vdf;fhl;lNt ,tHfs; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. mtHfisf; nfhz;L jkpo; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd nray;fNs KLf;fp tplg;gl;ld. 1972 Mz;L KjyhtJ FbauR murpay; ahg;gpid KOr; r%fKk; epuhfhpj;j NghJ ,tHfs; ,UtUk; mjid Mjhpj;jdH. cz;ikapy; jkpo; epakd cWg;gpdHfs; md;W njhlf;fk; ,d;Wtiu jkpoH chpikfisf; fhl;bf; nfhLg;gjw;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gl;ldH. Fkhu #hpahpypUe;J ,d;W Njrpag;gl;bay; epakd cWg;gpdH yf;];kd; fjpHfhkH tiu ,JNt njhlHfpd;wJ. nrdw;rig ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; 2tJ rigahf nrdw; rig tpsq;fpaJ. ,r; rig jkpoHfSf;F Nghjpa gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijAk; ghJfhg;igAk; toq;Fk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j tifapy; rpWghd;ikNahH fhg;gPLfspy; xd;whfTk; fUjg;gl;;lJ. Mdhy;> eilKiwapy; ,J Nghjpa gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijAk; toq;ftpy;iy. ghJfhg;igAk; toq;ftpy;iy. ,r;rigapy; 30 cWg;gpdHfs; mq;fk; tfpj;jdH. ,tHfspy; 15 NgH kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rig cWg;gpdHfshy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldH. kpFjp 15 NgH gpujkhpd; rpghprpd; Nghpy; kfh Njrhjpgjpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. 1947Mk; nrdl; rigapd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; v];.eNlrd; <.vk;.gp.ehfehjd; vd;gtHfSk; 1951,y; gp.ehfypq;fKk; tlf;F fpof;F gFjpfspypUe;J kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rigapdhy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldH. rP.FkhuRthkp rpw;wk;gyk;> fhHbdd; KjypahH> V.gp.uhN[e;jpuh> v];.MH.fdehafk; vd;NghH gpujkhpd; rpghhprpd; Nghpy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. Kjyhk; murhq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpoHfspd; MjuT Ml;rpapypUe;j I.Nj.f.tpdUf;F Njitahf ,Ue;jikapdhNyNa XusT mq;fj;Jtk; fpilj;jJ. gpd; te;j fhyq;fspy; ,J ntFthff; Fiwe;jJ. 1952 njhlf;fk; 1956 fhyg;gFjpapy; fe;ijah itj;jpaehjDk; 1956-1960 fhyg;gFjpapy; [P ey;iyahTk; 1960 -1965 fhyg; gFjpapy; f.khzpf;fKk; 1965-1970 fhyg;gFjpapy; N[.ePjpuh[h> v];.eluh[h vd;NghUk; gpujepjpfs; rigapy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ldH. ,tHfspy; ngUk;ghyhdtHfs; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; mq;fk; tfpj;j jkpouR fl;rp cWg;gpdHfspdhy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ltHfshtH. Kjyhk; murhq;ff; fhyj;jpd; gpd;dH> epakdk; vd;w tifapy; v];.guuh[rpq;fk; (1954) K.jpUr;nry;tk; (1965)> MH.N[Rjhrd; (1965) vd;NghH kl;LNk epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. Nkw;$wpa tifapy; ghHf;Fk; NghJ gpujpepjpj;Jtk; vd;w tifapy; nrdl; rigapy; Nghjpa gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij jkpoHfSf;F toq;ftpy;iy vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. ghJfhg;igg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; $l ,J jkpoHfSf;F cjttpy;iy. jkpoHfSf;F vjpuhd gpu[hThpikr;rl;lk; (1948) thf;Fhpikr; rl;lk; (1951)> jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lk; (1956)> rpwpkh rh];jphp mKyhf;fr; rl;lk; (1967) vd;gd nfhz;L te;J epiwNtw;wg;gl;l NghJ ,r;rigAk; jdJ rk;kjj;ij toq;fpaJ. rhuhk;rj;jpy; ,r;rigAk; Nghpdthjkag; gLj;jgl;l rigahfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.
rl;lTUthf;fk; rl;lTUthf;fj;jpd; NghJ rpWgd;ikapdUf;F vjpuhd rl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;glf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhfNt murpayikg;gpy; 29MtJ gphpT vDk; xU gFjp NrHf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb xU ,dj;ijNah nkhopiaNah kjj;ijNah ghjpf;fpd;w rl;lq;fis ghuhSkd;wk; ,aw;wf; $lhJ vd;Wk; mt;thW ,aw;wpdhy; kfhNjrhjpgjp mjw;F ifnaOj;jpl kWf;fyhk; vdTk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; ,t;Ntw;ghLfs; J}f;fp tPrg;gl;lJ. ,J mKypypUf;fj;jf;fjhfNt jkpoHfSf;F vjpuhf Kd;dH $wg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; epiwNtw;wg; gl;ld. kfh NjrhjpgjpAk; kWg;NgJkd;wp ifnahg;gkpl;lhH. ,J gw;wp ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F Kiwapl;lNghJk; mit vitAk; ntw;wpiaj; jutpy;iy. ,J tplaj;jpy; ePjp kd;wq;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhz;ld vd;gij gpd;dH tphpthfg; ghHg;Nghk;. Nrhy;ghp ahg;gpy; epHthfj; Jiw Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;gpd;gb gpujkH jiyikapyhd ke;jphp rig epHthfj;Jf;F nghWg;ghf ,Ue;jJ ke;jphpkhiu epakpj;jy; ePf;Fjy; khw;Wjy;> ke;jphpkhHfSf;Fhpa mikr;Rf;fis xJf;Fjy; khw;Wjy; vd;gtw;wpy; gpujkNu G+uz mjpfhuk; tha;e;jtuhf tpsq;fpdhH. jkpoHfisAk; ke;jphp rigapy; NrHf;f Ntz;Lk;. vd;w fl;lhak; vJTk; murpay; mikg;gpy; NrHf;ftpy;iy. gpujkH tpUk;gpdhy;> NrHf;fyhk; tpUg;gkpy;yh tpl;lhy; tplyhk;. vd;w epiyNa ,Ue;jJ. Kjyhk; murhq;ff; fhyj;jpy; gpujhd jkpo;f; fl;rpahf mg;NghJ tpsq;fpa mfpy ,yq;if jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; Kf;fpakhd RNal;ir cWg;gpdHfSk; murhq;fj;jpy; NrHe;jikapdhy;> fzprkhdsT jkpoHfs; ke;jphp rigapy; NrHf;fg;gl;lbUe;jdH. rpw;wk;gyk; jghy; je;jp mikr;ruhfTk;> rp.Re;juypq;fk; tHj;jf mikr;ruhfTk;> [p.[p.nghd;dk;gyk; ifj;njhopy; kPd;gpb mikr;ruhfTk; ,t;thW NrHf;fg;gl;bUe;jdH. ,tHfspy; rp.Re;juypq;fk; gpu[hThpikr;r rl;lk; njhlHghf murhq;fj;Jld; Kuz;gl;lgbahy; xU tUlj;jpNyNa ,uh[pdhkhr; nra;jhH. VidatHfspy; [p.[p.nghd;dk;gyk; ,uz;lhk; murhq;ff; fhyj;jpYk; gjtpiaj; njhlHe;jhH. ,tuJ fhyj;jpNyNa> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw rPnke;Jj; njhopw;rhiy> gue;jd; ,urhadj; njhopw;rhiy> thior; Nrid fhfpjj; njhopw;rhiy vd;gd cUthf;fg;gl;ld. 1952 njhlf;fk; 1956 fhyg;gFjpapy; [p.[p.nghd;dk;gyk; ifj;njhopy; kPd;gpb mikr;ruhfTk; g.ey;iyah jghy; je;jp mikr;ruhfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. vdpDk; ,tHfs; ,UtUk; 1952-1953 fhyg;gFjpapy; ,uh[pehkh nra;jdH. njhlHe;J 1953,y; gpujkuhf nfhj;jyhty nghWg;Ngw;w NghJ v];.eNlrd; jghy; je;jp mikr;ruhfTk; NrH fe;ijah itj;jpaehjd; tPlikg;G r%f Nritfs; mikr;rufTk; epakpf;fg;gl;ldH. 1956 I.Nj.f. jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;likapdhy; ,tHfs; ,UtUk; I.Nj.f.tpypUe;J tpyfpaNjhL mikr;rH gjtpiaAk; ,uh[pdhkh nra;jdH. 1956-1965 fhyg;gFjpapy; =.y.R.f. Ml;rpapypUe;jJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; xU jkpouhtJ ke;jphp rigapy; NrHf;fg;gltpy;iy. njhpT nra;ag;gl;l cWg;gpdHfs; jk;Kld; Nruhtpl;lhy; epakd cWg;gpdH %yNkh nrdl; rigapd; %yNkh rpyiuj; njhpT nra;J ke;jphp gjtpfis toq;fpapUf;fyhk;. murhq;fk; tpUg;gkw;W ,Ue;jikapdhy; ,jid Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy. 1965-1968 fhyg;gFjpapy; jkpouRf; fl;rp murhq;fj;Jld; NrHe;jpUe;jikapdhy; K.jpUr;nry;tj;jpw;F kl;Lk; cs;@uhl;rp mikr;rH gjtp toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1970-1977 fhyg;gFjpapy; nry;iyah- Fkhu#hpaUf;F jghy; je;jp mikr;rH gjtp toq;fg;gl;lJ. mikr;rH gjtpfis toq;Fk;NghJ $l [p.[p. nghd;dk;gyj;jpw;F gpd;dH jkpo;g;gFjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;af;$ba Kf;fpa mikr;Rg; gjtpfis toq;Ftij Ml;rpahsHfs; jtpHj;Jf;nfhz;ldH. mikr;rHfshf ,Ue;jtHfspy; $l [p.[p.nghd;dk;gyk; K.jpUr;nry;tk; vd;NghH kl;LNk jkf;Fg; gpd;dhy; fl;rpapdJk; kf;fspdJk; gyk; ,Ue;jikapdhy; RahjPdkhf njhopw; gl;ldH. VidatHfs; murhq;f fl;rpapd; cWg;gpdHfshf ,Ue;jikapdhy; RahjPdkhf nraw;gltpy;iy. murhq;fj;jpd; ntWk; nghk;ikfshfNt nraw;gl;ldH. ke;jphp rigg; gjtpfs; xU GwkpUf;f epHthfj;Jiwapd; fl;likg;G midj;Jk; ,t; murpay; jpl;l fhyj;jpy; Nghpdthj kag;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,J mikr;Rf;fs; jpizf;fsq;fs; murhq;f nrayfq;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlHe;jJ. ,jdhy; KO epHthf ,ae;jpuKk; jkpoHfSf;F vjpuhd nraw;ghLfis KLf;fptpl;ld. tptrha mikr;R jkpo; gpuNjrq;fspy; rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fis KLf;fptpl;lJ. tpisT nlhd%H jpl;l fhyj;jpy; nkJthf eilngw;W FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;dH tpiuthf nraw;gl;lJ. jpUNfhzkiyapy; my;iy fe;jsha; nkhwNtthj; jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. tTdpahtpy; ghtw;Fs FbNaw;w jpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpo; gpuNjrq;fspy; rpq;fs epHthf khtl;lq;fis cUthf;Fk; Kaw;rp eilngw;wJ. ,jd; epkpj;jk; 1959 ,y; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpypUe;J kl;lf;fsg;G njw;F gpuNjrk; gphpf;fg;gl;L mk;ghiw khtl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,k;khtl;lj;jpYk; jkpo; K]ypk; kf;fs; ngUghd;ikahf ,Ue;j NghJk; rpq;fs FbNaw;w kf;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf trpf;Fk; mk;ghiwNa mk; khtl;lj;jpd; jiyefuhf;fg;gl;lJ. khtl;l mur mYtyfq;fs; midj;Jk; rpq;fs nkhopapy; kl;Lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mur Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis nghWj;jtiu ,d hPjpahd ghuhgl;rk; fhl;lf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;gpy; murhq;f Nrit Mizf;FO cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. rpWghd;ikNahH fhg;gPlhfTk; ,J fUjg;gl;lJ. 1956Mk; Mz;L jdpr;rpq;fs rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l gpd;dH murhq;f Nrit Mizf;FOTf;fhd tpjpfs; %iyf;Fs; js;sg;gl;ld. Ntiy tha;g;Gfspy; jkpoHfs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L rpq;fstHfs; mjpfstpy; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;ldH. gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; murpayikg;G rl;lk; khj;jpuky;y ghuhSkd;w rl;lq;fs; fhw;wpy; gwe;jd. cjhuzkhf 1958Mk; Mz;L jkpo; nkhop cgNahfr; rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. vdpDk; eilKiwapy; ,jid nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfspy; epHthfj;Jiw Cf;fnkjidAk; Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy.
Nrhy;ghp ahg;gpy; ePjpj;Jiw rl;lj;JiwAk; epHthfj;JiwAk; kf;fSf;F jPq;fpiof;fpd;w NghJ jLj;J epWj;Jk; epWtdkhfNt xU ehl;bd; ePjpj;Jiw njhopw;gl Ntz;Lk; ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu ,J jiy fPohf ,Ue;jJ. ePjpj;JiwAk; Nghpdthj kag;gl;bUe;jhy; ,jpypUe;Jk; jkpo; kf;fSf;F ePjp fpilf;ftpy;iy. tprhuizfspd; NghJ rl;l Vw;ghLfSf;F tpsf;fk; mspf;Fk; nghWg;G ePjp kd;wq;fsplkpUe;jJ. ,q;F ,yq;if ePjp kd;wq;fs; xU NghJk; jkpoHfSf;F rhHghf ele;J nfhs;stpy;iy. ,J gw;wp xU jlit ePyd; jpUr;nry;tk; "rl;lq;fSf;F tpsf;fk; mspg;gjpy; ,yq;if ePjpkd;wq;fs; jkpoHfSf;F rhHghf ele;Jnfhs;tjpy;iy" vd Fw;wk; rhl;bapUe;jhH. cjhuzj;jpw;F jdpr; rpq;fs rl;lk; rk;ge;jkhd tof;fpid Fwpg;gplyhk;. jdpr;rpq;fs rl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l NfhB];tud; vd;Dk; vOJtpidQd; aho; khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;F njhlHe;jpUe;jhH. murpayikg;gpd; 29 MtJ gphptpid kPwpajhf jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lk; ,Ug;gjdhy; mJ nry;Ygbaw;w rl;lk; vd;W thjplg;gl;lJ. thjj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ePjpgjp NfhB];tuDf;F rhHghff; jPHg;G toq;fpdhH. murhq;fk; nfhOk;G caH ePjp kd;wj;jpy; tof;fpid Nkd; KiwaPL nra;jJ. mq;F murhq;fj;jpw;F rhHghf jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ. kf;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ghuhSkd;wk; kf;fspd; epHthf eltbf;iffSf;Fj; Njitahd rl;lq;fis cUthf;Fk; chpikia cilaJ. vd;Nw mq;F mur jug;gpdhy; thjplg;gl;lJ. ,Wjpapy; tof;F gphpj;jhdpa Nfhkiwf; fofj;jpw;F nrd;wJ. mq;F jpUk;gTk; NfhB];tuDf;F rhHghf jPHg;G toq;fg; gl;l NghJ murhq;fk; mjid eilKiwg;gLj;jhky; fplg;gpy; Nghl;lJ. mJ tplaj;jpy; rpWghd;ikapdhpd; fhg;gPlhf fUjg;gl;l Nfhkiwf;fofKk; Nghjpa ghJfhg;gpid jkpo; kf;fSf;F nfhLf;ftpy;iy. vdNt Nkw;$wpaitfisf; nfhz;L ghHf;Fk; NghJ Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd KjyhtJ murpay; ahg;Ng jkpo; kf;fis xLf;Ftjw;fhd topfis jpwe;Jtpl;lJ. vd njspthf ghHf;f KbfpwJ. ,jw;F gpd;dH te;j murpay; ahg;Gfs; ,uz;Lk; Nkw;nfhz;l gzp jkpo; kf;fis xLf;Ftjw;f;F Nrhy;ghp murpay; ahg;gpy; ngaustpy; fhzg;gl;l jilfisAk; ePf;fpaNjhL NkYk; NkYk; xLf;Ftjw;Fk; mtw;wpw;F murpay; ahg;G me;j];Jfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; toptiffis Njbf; fz;Lgpbj;jik jhd;.
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